What Is Free Cash Flow and Why Does It Matter?

What is FCF?

FCF is the cash a business produces after paying for operations and capital investment. Formula: Cash from Ops − Capex.

Why is FCF more honest than earnings?

Earnings use accrual accounting and depreciation. Cash either landed in the bank or it didn't.

What's a good FCF margin?

FCF margin = FCF ÷ revenue. Above 15% is excellent. Software often hits 25–35%.

Frequently asked questions

Can FCF be negative?

Yes — common during heavy investment phases. Persistent negative FCF is a warning sign.

What is FCF yield?

FCF ÷ market cap. Above 5% is solid; below 2% is expensive.

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